General provisions relating to determination of tax
Section 75, CGST Act
Straight from CBIC
Official source, not a summary of a summary
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Amendment history
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Section 75 sets the common rules for adjudication: a personal hearing is mandatory whenever an adverse order is contemplated (even without a request) and adjournments are capped at three; the order cannot exceed the amounts or grounds in the show cause notice; stay periods are excluded from limitation; and self-assessed tax (including GSTR-1 liability not paid in GSTR-3B) can be recovered directly under section 79 without a notice.
What this means in practice
The parts that actually decide cases — the things a practitioner checks first.
A personal hearing is mandatory before any adverse order, whether or not it is asked for – Bharat Mint and Allied Chemicals (Allahabad HC, 04-03-2022). An order passed without one is routinely set aside for that reason alone.
The order cannot travel beyond the grounds or the amount in the notice; a new ground introduced in the order is fatal to it.
75(12): self-assessed tax, including liability shown in GSTR-1 but not paid in GSTR-3B, is recoverable straight under section 79 with no show cause notice – which is why a GSTR-1 versus 3B gap becomes a recovery notice rather than a demand.
Adjournments are capped at three; the period of any stay is excluded from limitation.
Questions people actually ask
Real questions we get on this provision, answered straight.
The order was passed without giving us a hearing. Is that fatal?+
It is a strong ground. Section 75(4) makes a hearing compulsory where an adverse decision is contemplated, and courts have set aside orders passed without one. The usual result is a remand for fresh adjudication, not cancellation of the demand, so prepare the merits as well.
How this provision is built
The skeleton, clause by clause — useful when a notice cites a specific sub-clause.
The exact words of the law
4,718 characters, uneditedReproduced from the CBIC text. We explain it above — but you should always be able to read it yourself.
Read the full provision+
(1) Where the service of notice or issuance of order is stayed by an order of a court or Appellate Tribunal, the period of such stay shall be excluded in computing the period specified in sub-sections
(2) and
(10) of section 73 or sub-sections
(2) and
(10) of section 74 2 [or sub-sections
(2) and
(7) of section 74A], as the case may be.
(2) Where any Appellate Authority or Appellate Tribunal or court concludes that the notice issued under sub-section
(1) of section 74 is not sustainable for the reason that the charges of fraud or any wilful-misstatement or suppression of facts to evade tax has not been established against the person to whom the notice was issued, the proper officer shall determine the tax payable by such person, deeming as if the notice were issued under sub-section
(1) of section 73 . 2 [(2A) Where any Appellate Authority or Appellate Tribunal or court concludes that the penalty under clause (ii) of sub-section
(5) of section 74A is not sustainable for the reason that the charges of fraud or any wilful-misstatement or suppression of facts to evade tax has not been established against the person to whom the notice was issued, the penalty shall be payable by such person, under clause
(i) of sub-section
(5) of section 74A.]
(3) Where any order is required to be issued in pursuance of the direction of the Appellate Authority or Appellate Tribunal or a court, such order shall be issued within two years from the date of communication of the said direction.
(4) An opportunity of hearing shall be granted where a request is received in writing from the person chargeable with tax or penalty, or where any adverse decision is contemplated against such person.
(5) The proper officer shall, if sufficient cause is shown by the person chargeable with tax, grant time to the said person and adjourn the hearing for reasons to be recorded in writing: Provided that no such adjournment shall be granted for more than three times to a person during the proceedings.
(6) The proper officer, in his order, shall set out the relevant facts and the basis of his decision.
(7) The amount of tax, interest and penalty demanded in the order shall not be in excess of the amount specified in the notice and no demand shall be confirmed on the grounds other than the grounds specified in the notice.
(8) Where the Appellate Authority or Appellate Tribunal or court modifies the amount of tax determined by the proper officer, the amount of interest and penalty shall stand modified accordingly, taking into account the amount of tax so modified.
(9) The interest on the tax short paid or not paid shall be payable whether or not specified in the order determining the tax liability. 3 [
(10) The adjudication proceedings shall be deemed to be concluded, if the order is not issued within the period specified in sub-section
(10) of section 73 or in sub-section
(10) of section 74 or in sub-section
(7) of section 74A.]
(11) An issue on which the Appellate Authority or the Appellate Tribunal or the High Court has given its decision which is prejudicial to the interest of revenue in some other proceedings and an appeal to the Appellate Tribunal or the High Court or the Supreme Court against such decision of the Appellate Authority or the Appellate Tribunal or the High Court is pending, the period spent between the date of the decision of the Appellate Authority and that of the Appellate Tribunal or the date of decision of the Appellate Tribunal and that of the High Court or the date of the decision of the High Court and that of the Supreme Court shall be excluded in computing the period referred to in subsection
(10) of section 73 or sub-section
(10) of section 74 2 [or sub-sections
(2) and
(7) of section 74A] where proceedings are initiated by way of issue of a show cause notice under the said sections.
(12) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 73 or section 74 2 [or section 74A], where any amount of self-assessed tax in accordance with a return furnished under section 39 remains unpaid, either wholly or partly, or any amount of interest payable on such tax remains unpaid, the same shall be recovered under the provisions of section 79 . 1 [ Explanation .-For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression "self-assessed tax" shall include the tax payable in respect of details of outward supplies furnished under section 37 , but not included in the return furnished under section 39 .]
(13) Where any penalty is imposed under section 73 or section 74 2 [or section 74A], no penalty for the same act or omission shall be imposed on the same person under any other provision of this Act.
High Court cases on this section
Judgments in our index that cite this provision. Being listed does not make a case good law — it may have been appealed or distinguished since. Read it before relying on it.
Subhash Kumar Sah v. Commissioner, CGST and CX
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M/s. SREE MAHA INFRA PROJECTS v. The Assistant Commissioner (ST)
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M/S AJAY KISHORE ZARI COLLECTION THRU. PROPRIETOR SHRI MANISH KUMAR JAIN v. STATE OF U.P. THRU. COMMISSIONER STATE GOODS AND SERVI
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M/s.Harish Constructions v. The Commercial Tax Officer / State Tax Officer (ST)
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M/S DEEP HANDLOOM PROPRIETORSHIP THRU. PROP. JAGDISH PRASAD v. COMMISSIONER OF GOODS AND SERVICES TAX LKO. AND ANOTHER
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M/S WILDCRAFT PRIVATE LIMITED v. THE COMMERCIAL TAX OFFICER
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SRI LAKSHMI VENKATESHWARA TRADERS v. THE COMMERCIAL TAX OFFICER
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M/S BHUTPURVA SAINIK SECURITY SERVICES PVT. LTD. THRU. DIRECTOR GST IN 09AACCB4751G1ZR v. STATE OF U.P. THRU. ADDL. CHIEF SECY. ST
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42 more on record. Search all GST case law →
What changed, and when
The amendment trail, newest first — because the version that applies to your case depends on the period.
2022-01-01 · Inserted
39/2021-C.T.
Inserted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 114 of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) dated 28t …
date not stated · Inserted
Inserted by section 139 of The Finance Act (No. 2) Act, 2024 No. 15 of 2024 dated 16.08.2024.
date not stated · Substituted
Substituted by section 139 of The Finance Act (No. 2) Act, 2024 No. 15 of 2024 dated 16.08.2024 for " The adjudication proceedings shall be deemed to be conclud …
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Where this comes from
Text reproduced from the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, as available on 2026-09-05. The explanation and practice notes above are GSTZone’s own, written for this hub. If you spot anything out of date, tell us and we’ll fix it — this hub is checked daily against CBIC.
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