Detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit
Section 129, CGST Act
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Goods moved in breach of the Act or rules can be detained or seized in transit. Release is on penalty only: 200% of the tax on the goods if the owner comes forward (2% of value or Rs.25,000, whichever is less, for exempted goods); if the owner does not come forward, the higher of 50% of the value or 200% of the tax (5% of value or Rs.25,000 for exempted goods). The officer must issue notice within seven days of detention and pass the order within seven days of that notice.
What this means in practice
The parts that actually decide cases — the things a practitioner checks first.
Since 01-01-2022 section 129 is a penalty-only provision and is delinked from section 130 – the department cannot jump to confiscation because the penalty is unpaid.
Notice must be issued within seven days of detention and the order within seven days of the notice; miss either and the detention is bad.
A technical breach without intent to evade is not a section 129 case – Satyam Shivam Papers (SC, 12-01-2022): an expired e-way bill caused by traffic obstruction did not justify penalty.
Where the penalty is not paid within seven days the goods can be sold under Rule 144A; a conveyance is released on payment of the penalty or one lakh rupees, whichever is less.
The appeal against a 129(3) order needs a pre-deposit of twenty-five per cent of the penalty, not the usual ten per cent.
Questions people actually ask
Real questions we get on this provision, answered straight.
Goods were detained because the e-way bill expired while the truck was stuck. What is the defence?+
Satyam Shivam Papers (SC, 12-01-2022) – detention and penalty require intent to evade tax, and an expiry caused by circumstances beyond the transporter’s control does not show it. Put the evidence of the delay on record in the reply to the notice, within the seven-day window.
How this provision is built
The skeleton, clause by clause — useful when a notice cites a specific sub-clause.
The exact words of the law
2,988 characters, uneditedReproduced from the CBIC text. We explain it above — but you should always be able to read it yourself.
Read the full provision+
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, where any person transports any goods or stores any goods while they are in transit in contravention of the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder, all such goods and conveyance used as a means of transport for carrying the said goods and documents relating to such goods and conveyance shall be liable to detention or seizure and after detention or seizure, shall be released,- 1 [
(a) on payment of penalty equal to two hundred per cent. of the tax payable on such goods and, in case of exempted goods, on payment of an amount equal to two per cent. of the value of goods or twenty-five thousand rupees, whichever is less, where the owner of the goods comes forward for payment of such penalty;
(b) on payment of penalty equal to fifty per cent. of the value of the goods or two hundred per cent. of the tax payable on such goods, whichever is higher, and in case of exempted goods, on payment of an amount equal to five per cent. of the value of goods or twenty-five thousand rupees, whichever is less, where the owner of the goods does not come forward for payment of such penalty; ]
(c) upon furnishing a security equivalent to the amount payable under clause
(a) or clause
(b) in such form and manner as may be prescribed: Provided that no such goods or conveyance shall be detained or seized without serving an order of detention or seizure on the person transporting the goods. 2 [****] 3 [
(3) The proper officer detaining or seizing goods or conveyance shall issue a notice within seven days of such detention or seizure, specifying the penalty payable, and thereafter, pass an order within a period of seven days from the date of service of such notice, for payment of penalty under clause
(a) or clause
(b) of sub-section (1).]
(4) 4 [No penalty] shall be determined under sub-section
(3) without giving the person concerned an opportunity of being heard.
(5) On payment of amount referred in sub-section (1), all proceedings in respect of the notice specified in sub-section
(3) shall be deemed to be concluded. 5 [
(6) Where the person transporting any goods or the owner of such goods fails to pay the amount of penalty under sub-section
(1) within fifteen days from the date of receipt of the copy of the order passed under sub-section (3), the goods or conveyance so detained or seized shall be liable to be sold or disposed of otherwise, in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed, to recover the penalty payable under sub-section (3): Provided that the conveyance shall be released on payment by the transporter of penalty under sub-section
(3) or one lakh rupees, whichever is less: Provided further that where the detained or seized goods are perishable or hazardous in nature or are likely to depreciate in value with passage of time, the said period of fifteen days may be reduced by the proper officer.]
High Court cases on this section
Judgments in our index that cite this provision. Being listed does not make a case good law — it may have been appealed or distinguished since. Read it before relying on it.
KAMLESH KUMAR v. STATE TAX OFFICER
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SRI. VISHAL SINGH (OWNER OF GOODS), v. THE COMMERCIAL TAX OFFICER
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COMMERCIAL TAX OFFICER v. M/S AAIZ STEEL
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AMIRUL ISLAM SAYED v. PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF GOODS AND SERVICE TAX
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HASHMI OVERSEAS LLP THROUGH ITS PARTNER AMIRUL ISLAM SAYED THROUGH ITS POA MOHAMMAD MOIN PATHAN v. PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF GOODS
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M/S. KSM COMPANY v. STATE TAX OFFICER (1), MOBILE SQUAD, (ENFORCEMENT)
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M/S. KSM COMPANY v. STATE TAX OFFICER (3), MOBILE SQUAD-3, ENFORCEMENT 7
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RIHANA W/O FAKRU v. COMMISSIONER OF GOODS AND SERVICE TAX
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107 more on record. Search all GST case law →
What changed, and when
The amendment trail, newest first — because the version that applies to your case depends on the period.
2022-01-01 · Substituted
39/2021-C.T.
Substituted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 117(i) of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) dat …
2022-01-01 · Omitted
39/2021-C.T.
Omitted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 117(ii) of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) dated …
2022-01-01 · Substituted
39/2021-C.T.
Substituted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 117(iii) of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) d …
2022-01-01 · Substituted
39/2021-C.T.
Substituted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 117(iv) of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) da …
2022-01-01 · Substituted
39/2021-C.T.
Substituted (w.e.f. 1st January, 2022 vide Notification No. 39/2021-C.T. , dated 21st December, 2021) by s. 117(v) of The Finance Act, 2021 (No. 13 of 2021) dat …
Where this comes from
Text reproduced from the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, as available on 2026-09-05. The explanation and practice notes above are GSTZone’s own, written for this hub. If you spot anything out of date, tell us and we’ll fix it — this hub is checked daily against CBIC.
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