Schedule II – Activities or transactions to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services
Section Schedule II, CGST Act
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Schedule II classifies whether specified activities are a supply of GOODS or of SERVICES – e.g. transfer of title = goods; leasing/renting, job-work/treatment on another’s goods, construction of a complex, temporary transfer of IP, works contracts and supply of food/drink = services; and transfer of business assets = goods. It settles the goods-vs-services question for common transactions.
What this means in practice
The parts that actually decide cases — the things a practitioner checks first.
Schedule II now only CLASSIFIES a transaction as goods or services – it no longer decides whether something is a supply. Section 7(1A) made that change retrospectively from 01-07-2017.
Paragraph 6 keeps works contract and supply of food or drink as composite supplies of SERVICES, which is why they are never split into a goods and a services component.
Paragraph 5(b) – construction of a complex or building where consideration is received before the completion certificate – is what makes under-construction property a service.
How this provision is built
The skeleton, clause by clause — useful when a notice cites a specific sub-clause.
The exact words of the law
4,229 characters, uneditedReproduced from the CBIC text. We explain it above — but you should always be able to read it yourself.
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(a) any transfer of the title in goods is a supply of goods;
(b) any transfer of right in goods or of undivided share in goods without the transfer of title thereof, is a supply of services;
(c) any transfer of title in goods under an agreement which stipulates that property in goods shall pass at a future date upon payment of full consideration as agreed, is a supply of goods. 2. Land and Building
(a) any lease, tenancy, easement, licence to occupy land is a supply of services;
(b) any lease or letting out of the building including a commercial, industrial or residential complex for business or commerce, either wholly or partly, is a supply of services.
(3) Treatment or process Any treatment or process which is applied to another person’s goods is a supply of services.
(4) Transfer of business assets
(a) where goods forming part of the assets of a business are transferred or disposed of by or under the directions of the person carrying on the business so as no longer to form part of those assets, 2 [****]such transfer or disposal is a supply of goods by the person;
(b) where, by or under the direction of a person carrying on a business, goods held or used for the purposes of the business are put to any private use or are used, or made available to any person for use, for any purpose other than a purpose of the business, 2 [****] the usage or making available of such goods is a supply of services;
(c) where any person ceases to be a taxable person, any goods forming part of the assets of any business carried on by him shall be deemed to be supplied by him in the course or furtherance of his business immediately before he ceases to be a taxable person, unless-
(i) the business is transferred as a going concern to another person; or (ii) the business is carried on by a personal representative who is deemed to be a taxable person. 5. Supply of services The following shall be treated as supply of services, namely:-
(a) renting of immovable property;
(b) construction of a complex, building, civil structure or a part thereof, including a complex or building intended for sale to a buyer, wholly or partly, except where the entire consideration has been received after issuance of completion certificate, where required, by the competent authority or after its first occupation, whichever is earlier. Explanation. -For the purposes of this clause-
(1) the expression "competent authority" means the Government or any authority authorised to issue completion certificate under any law for the time being in force and in case of non-requirement of such certificate from such authority, from any of the following, namely:-
(i) an architect registered with the Council of Architecture constituted under the Architects Act, 1972 (20 of 1972); or (ii) a chartered engineer registered with the Institution of Engineers (India); or (iii) a licensed surveyor of the respective local body of the city or town or village or development or planning authority;
(2) the expression "construction" includes additions, alterations, replacements or remodelling of any existing civil structure;
(c) temporary transfer or permitting the use or enjoyment of any intellectual property right;
(d) development, design, programming, customization, adaptation, upgradation, enhancement, implementation of information technology software;
(e) agreeing to the obligation to refrain from an act, or to tolerate an act or a situation, or to do an act; and
(f) transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration. 6. Composite supply The following composite supplies shall be treated as a supply of services, namely:-
(a) works contract as defined in clause
(119) of section 2 ; and
(b) supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (other than alcoholic liquor for human consumption), where such supply or service is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration. 7. 3 [****]
What changed, and when
The amendment trail, newest first — because the version that applies to your case depends on the period.
2017-07-01 · Insertedw
Inserted w.e.f. 01st July, 2017 by s.31 of The Central Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2018 (No. 31 of 2018) – Brought into force w.e.f. 01st February, 2019.
2017-07-01 · Omitted
92/2020-C
Omitted " whether or not for a consideration, " w.e.f. 01st July, 2017 by s.131 of The Finance Act, 2020 (No. 12 of 2020) – Brought into force w.e.f. 01st January, 2021 vide Notification No. 92/2020-C.T. , dated 22-12-2020
2017-07-01 · Omittedw
39/2021-C
Omitted w.e.f. 01st July, 2017 by s.122 of The Finance Act, 2021 dated 28th March, 2021 for "7. Supply of Goods The following shall be treated as supply of goods, namely:- Supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other val
Where this comes from
Text reproduced from the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, as available on 2026-09-05. The explanation and practice notes above are GSTZone’s own, written for this hub. If you spot anything out of date, tell us and we’ll fix it — this hub is checked daily against CBIC.
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